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Army Nurse Corps

Nurses of a field hospital who arrived in France via England and Egypt after three years' service, 12 August 1944

Army nurses of a field hospital after their arrival in France, 12 August 1944. They had served three years overseas, with prior postings in England and Egypt.

National Archives, NAID 531498. Public domain.

More than 59,000 women served in the Army Nurse Corps between 1941 and 1945, in every theater the war reached, from the beaches of Normandy to the gates of the Nazi camps. They worked in field hospitals and evacuation hospitals, on hospital ships, and in the internment camps where they themselves were held, often in direct danger. They were among the first American women decorated for valor. Some reached Dachau and other camps in the days after liberation, and what they wrote down became part of the earliest record of what was found there.

Frances Y. Slanger

1913 to 1944

Second Lieutenant, Army Nurse Corps; 45th Field Hospital.

A Polish-born Jewish immigrant from Boston, Slanger entered Normandy with one of the first hospital units after D-Day. Hours after writing a letter to Stars and Stripes praising American GIs, she was killed by German artillery in Elsenborn, Belgium, the only American nurse killed by enemy fire in the European Theater.

Reba Zitella Whittle

1919 to 1981

Second Lieutenant, Army Nurse Corps; flight nurse, 813th Medical Air Evacuation Transport Squadron.

Whittle was the only American military woman taken prisoner in the European Theater after her C-47 was shot down south of Aachen on 27 September 1944. She was held at Stalag IX-C until her release in January 1945; her POW status was officially recognized in 1983.

Maude C. Davison

1885 to 1956

Major, U.S. Army Nurse Corps; Chief Nurse, Philippines.

Davison commanded the 66 Army nurses captured on Corregidor in May 1942 and held discipline and nursing routines through three years of internment at Santo Tomas. All 77 American military nurses interned at Santo Tomas (Army and Navy) survived captivity; Davison received a posthumous Distinguished Service Medal in 2001.

Florence A. Blanchfield

1882 to 1971

Colonel, U.S. Army; Superintendent of the Army Nurse Corps, 1943 to 1947.

Blanchfield led the corps as it grew from a few hundred nurses to more than 57,000 serving in every theater of the war. She secured permanent commissioned status for Army nurses through the Army-Navy Nurse Act of 1947 and was the first woman to receive a regular Army commission.

Researched and written by · Fortitude Research

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